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EXTERNAL
ANATOMY
The
thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) is approximately the size of
an adult German Shepherd dog. If Lieutenant Governor Paterson's measurements
were accurate, the first specimen obtained must have been unusually large,
as it had a head-body length of 1390 mm (approx. 55 in.). Harris's
type specimen was also large, having a head-body length of 1180 mm (46½
in.). The 13 skeletons studied by Moeller (1968) had an average size
of: head-body - 806 mm (32 in.), tail - 492 mm (19 in.). The tail
varies from 40-60% of the head-body length.
The thylacine
examined by Paterson weighed about 20 kg (44 lb.). Moeller (1968)
was able to find only two other records of weight - 15 and 27 kg (33 and
59½
lb.), but from a series of skeletons, he was able to extrapolate an average
weight of 25 kg (55 lb.), with a range of 15-35 kg (33-77 lb.).
Moeller (1968) took biometric measurements from a series of skeletons of
various predatory mammal species, comparing the length of the limbs to
that of the trunk (i.e. the spinal column minus the tail). The thylacine's
legs proved to be proportionately much shorter than those of a wolf, and
are actually more consistent in form with those of dasyurid marsupials.
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| A
thylacine sitting in a rather dog-like stance. However, the legs
of the thylacine are not as proportionately long as those of dogs and other
canids, and it likely stalks its prey in a rather cat-like manner instead
of actively chasing it. Old reports however, speak of the thylacine
slowly but relentlessly "jogging" after its prey over long distances, gradually
wearing the prey animal down to the point that it could be easily captured
with a sudden rush. This image is from a 1933 film
taken at the Hobart Zoo (Domain site). |
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The limb length ratio therefore infers that the thylacine relies more on
stalking rather than lengthy chasing of prey, and consequently would be
more suited to living in forest habitats rather than open fields.
Of all the placental carnivores studied by Moeller, the most similar in
limb proportions to the thylacine is the Clouded leopard (Neofelis
nebulosa), a native of the Asian rainforests.
Moeller also demonstrated that the greatest lengthening of a canid's limbs
are to be found at the wrist and ankle, in order to preserve the muscles'
mechanical efficiency. |
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The feet of the thylacine are digitigrade, and differ significantly from
those of dasyurids (Pocock 1926). Striations are absent. The
digits of the manus
(front foot) are rather short with blunt claws. The pollex is
quite short and its pad not particularly distinct. Unlike those of
a dog, the thylacine's toes have no webbing between them. In canids,
this webbing serves to hold the digits together when running. |
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| This
is the right hand (manus) of a very well preserved thylacine skin (sex
unknown) acquired in 1908 by the Oxford University Museum, UK. Although
the thylacine's feet are often compared to those of a canid, as can easily
be seen, there are some features which are actually very un-doglike.
In particular, note the presence of a small yet reasonably developed thumb
(pollex), as well as the broad design of the plantar pad. In canids,
the plantar pad is much more triangular. Also, the thylacine's toes
are comparatively more elongate, and lack webbing between them. View
detail. Image courtesy of Dr. Stephen Sleightholme (International
Thylacine Specimen Database Project). |
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